Toledo: The City of Swords
In 500 BC, the Celts taught the blacksmiths of Toledo to make swords. They called the technique ferrum toletanum, and it spread throughout the ancient world. The Romans also learned it, and the historian Livy left written accounts of how their legions were equipped with the famous toledanos—short, sharp, double-edged swords that could stab, cut, and slice. It is said that a good toledano could split a Roman helmet in two in a single blow. Centuries later, the Moors were also amazed by these formidable weapons, which they called al-jawhar, meaning the jewel. In Toledo, the visitor can visit the workshops of the few remaining artisans who still make these splendid swords, some with the famous damascene inlays. A visit to the Museo del Ejército (General Moscardó, 3) is highly recommended, where many of these weapons are showcased. The city is also home to the Museo de la Espada (Carretas, 5), which features the largest collection of swords in the world, with over 2,000 pieces, including swords, sabers, daggers, and knives from various historical periods. The museum also has a fascinating section on the evolution of fencing techniques.
